International Monetary Fund

After World War II International Monetary Fund is the second International Organisation.

International Monetary Fund is a financial institution.

IMF

Headquarter:  Washington DC

Managing Director: Kristalina Georgieva

Member:  190 member

Official language: English

Parent organization: United Nations

After the Great Depression of 1930, the International Monetary Fund was established in 1944.

France was the first country to borrow from IMF.

Purpose: International Monetary Fund do three main functions follow -

 *Surveillance

*Financial assistance

*Technical assistance

History: The International Monetary Fund officially came into existence in 1945 with 29 member countries.

The IMF was created in 1944 at the Bretton Woods conference to rebuild Europe after World War II.

United Nations (UN)

United Nations International Organization was established on 24^th October 1945.

United Nations' previous name was The League Of Nations.

League Of Nations was established by the treaty of Versailles in 1919 and disbanded in 1946.

United Nations

Head Quarter: New York City

Regional offices: Geneva, Vienna, Nairobi

Official Language: Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish.

Member: 193 (last member – South Sudan in July 2011)

Original Member:  51

     At first 50 countries were gathered in San Francisco and signed in a document called ‘UN Charter’ in 1945. Poland signed in it later.

*   The name United Nations have given by that time US President Franklin D. Roosevelt, on 1^st January 1942 during World War II.

Purpose :

1.     To maintain International peace and security.

2.     To develop Economic, Social Development, and Human rights.

History :

United Nations was established after World War II when nations were in a tight corner and nations wanted peace.

United Nations Principal Organs: The United Nations has six main organs.

·        General Assembly

·        Economic and Social Council

·        Security Council

·        International Court Of Justice

·        Trusteeship Council

·        The Secretariat.

Covid-19 vaccine

 Russia claims world's first covid-19 vaccine developed jointly by Gamaleya Research Institute and the Russian Defense Ministry. Russian President Vladimir Putin says that Covid-19 vaccine has been registered for use and one of his daughters already been inoculated. 

Russia has developed the world's first Covid-19 vaccine offering "sustainable immunity" against coronvirus. The Russian administration says health workers, teachers and those with occupations at risk will be vaccinated first.  Then it will be applied to the body of ordinary people.

MediCAB:Foldable,Portable Covid-19 Hospital by IIT Madras

'MediCAB' is a foldable portable hospital developed by IIT Madras to fight against COVID-19. It has four zones including a doctor's room, an isolation room, a medical room/ward, and an ICU. An IIT Madras incubated start-up Modulus Housing has developed a portable hospital unit that can be installed anywhere within two hours by four people.

MediCAB is a micro-hospital which can help to detect, isolate, screen, and treat COVID-19 patients. According to the World Bank data India has 0.7 beds per 1000 people. So, this innovation would be very helpful for doctors and health workers.
'MediCAB' is already deployed in Wayanad district, Kerala. The start-up is developing micro-hospitals that can be deployed rapidly across the nation

What is Mongolian Kanjur?

In March 2022, the Ministry of Culture undertook a project to reprint 108 volumes of Mongolian Kanjur under the National Mission for Manuscript (NMM). It is a kind of Buddha manuscript related to Mongolia.

On July 4, 2020, the first set of five volumes of Mongolian Kanjur, published under the National Mission for Manuscript (NMM), was presented to the President of India on the occasion of Guru Purnima, also known as Dharma Chakra Day.

Mongolian Kanjur manuscripts

Mongolian Kanjur is the Buddhist canonical text of 108 volumes, considered to be the most religious text in Mongolia. In Mongolia "Kanjur" means "Concise Orders"-the words of Lord Buddha in particular. It has been translated from Tibetan to classical Mongolian language. The Kanjur are kept almost in every monastery in Mongolia.

Eight West African countries renamed currency to Eco

Eight West African countries change the name of the common currency to Echo

Reuters says eight West African countries have agreed to change the name of their common currency to Echo, and the former colonial ruler France has severed links with the former currency CFA France.

The CFA franc was first associated with the French franc and has been associated with the euro for almost two decades. Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Senegal, and Togo currently use the currency. All countries, except Guinea-Bissau, are former French colonies. The announcement was made on Saturday during a visit to French President Emmanuel Macron, Ivory Coast, the world's top cocoa producer and France's former mainland colony in West Africa. Macron hailed it as a "historic reform" and added that in 2020, Echo will see the light of day. The deal took six months to complete. The CFA Frank, created in 1945, was seen by many as a sign of French intervention in its East African colonies, even after the country became independent.